Gum fkom bbytos xus



atented dune i, 3%3? we. 5 we w No Drawing. Application @ctober l6. rose,

My invention relates to gum compounds of the miscible type, and to processes of making the same.

It relates more particularly to a vegetable 5 oil miscible gum compound wherein the vegetable oils are so processed toa miscible gum that the characteristicsof the said oilsare changed.

It is an object of my invention to pre-oxidize vegetable oils in processing the same to a sum.

so that paint film produced from the gum re.-

slsts further oxidation. 7

It is another object of my invention to so process vegetable oils to a miscible gum as to reduce the film shrinkage of the resultant gum to a minimum, and also to build up the oils to mtter resist oxidation.

Another object of my invention is to provide a miscible gum from vegetable oils and chemi cals which will reduce with paint solvents such as mineral spirits, naphtha, and turpentine, and be adaptable to the make-up of paints, varnishes, iapans, and enamels.

Another object of my invention is to provide a miscible gum which, when reduced with sol- 2 vents such as mineral spirits, naphtha, or tur= pentine, will have a valve action in regard to moisture so as to provide a protective coating for steel and iron.

. Another object of my invention is to provide- 30 a miscible gum which will withstand unusual reduction with solvents such as mineral spirits,

naphtha, and turpentine, and maintain good body. Another object of my invention is to provide a gum which will incorporate with vegetable resins, asphalts, and pigments.

Another object of my invention is to provide a miscible gum of the type described which is inexpensive to process'and economical and enduring in use.

Other objects of my invention and the invention itself will become apparent by reference to the following description of the invention and process of making the same.

In producing my improved gum, I first charge a quantity of menhaden fish oil with a lesser quantity of China-wood oil, in a suitable kettle or tank. I then heat the oil to a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, and at this temperature blow enough air into the bath to produce a mild agitation therein, and to accelerate oxidation. The amount of pressure required'will naturally vary depending upon the volume of'the charge. Necessarily, more presoils, rosin, ester gum, synthetic resins, natural Serial No. ceases (til. ti le) v sure will be required if the charge is great than it it is small. Also a narrow kettle or tank will require more pressure than a wide shallow one for the same gallonage.

Better results and a more uniform product will be produced by enclosing the top of the kettle or tank. A suction fan or other means may be employed to draw off the mist arising from the bath, and also to permit re-claiming any byproduct, mainly fatty acids and glycerides arising therefrom. The latter are extracted to aid in reducing film shrinkage and in building up resistance in the resultant product.

At the temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, I then add sufiicient lead acetate and cobalt acetate to hasten oxidation. The cobalt and lead drlers act as catalytic agents conductmg the oxygen fromthe air to the oil. I

The following figures indicate the relative proportions used in the process, but the exact figures are not to be taken as an essential part of this invention:

1 Pounds Menhaden 3836 China-wood oil ...v 425 Lead acetate 19 Cobalt acetat 8 Processing the above charge at a temperature of about 400 Fahrenheit, approximately fortyeight hours with sufiicient air to produce a slight agitation in the bathand a suction fan to draw on the mist, reduces the charge to a heavy bodied.

oil.

The temperature range, it should be noted,.can vary considerably. If it is desired to operate the process above 400 Fahrenheit, undoubtedly the time of processing would be reduced and the time of drying .or curing of the vehicle increased. A lower temperature than 400 Fahrenheit undoubtedly would increase the time of processing and reduce the drying or curing time of the vehicle produced from the gum.

n is also to be noted that China-wood oil and fumes with a suction fan or other means. This. mixture is then heated to approximately 400 Fahrenheit, and a small amount of cobalt acetate, lead acetate, and calcined magnesium oxide added at this temperature.

The bath is then blown with sufllcient air to produce agitation therein, and, as in the case of the first process, to aid oxidation.

if desired, in making a gum suitable for certain varnishes, paints, or enamels, the.prop0rtionate amount of linseed oil used in this process could be increased to increase the iodine content of the resultant gum. The calcined magnesium oxide added is used to build up a good body and also to produce a body which can be readily reduced with the lower grades of solvents, such as kerosene and mineral spirits- The following figures are given to illustrate the respective quantities of the various ingredients used in the second process, in order to indicate the relative proportions used, but the exact ilgures are not to be taken as essential to this invention:

Raw linseed oil gallons 50 China-wood oil do.. 12 Heavy bodied. oil produced by first process gallons 25 Lead acetate pounds... .3 Cobalt acetate do Y4 Calcined magnesium oxides do 19 v This second process runs at a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, and also requires approximately forty-eight hours to complete under the same method-of operation as for the first process. A higher temperature will undoubtedly shorten the time, while a lower temperature would increase the time necessary to complete the gum.

The gum produced by the several processes is then reduced or "cut with kerosene, turpentine,

mineral spirits, naphtha, or other paint cutters,

and can be reduced to a liquid with the higher solvents cold with agitation. It can also be reduced by heating the gum to a temperature around 400 Fahrenheit or up to 550 Fahrenheit.

at which temperature it will readily out with the solvents mentioned without any prolonged heat-. ing. A higher temperature than 400 Fahren- 5 heit is not necessary and increases the fire hazard. It is to be noted that the gum produced by the several processes described above will withstand unusual reduction with low solvents, such as kerosene and mineral spirits, and maintain good body. For example, eight pounds of the miscible gum produced by the. several processes can be reduced with two and onahalf gallons of. mineral spirits, kerosene, naphtha, or turpentine, and maintain a viscosity of between F and G on Gardiner-Holt viscosity tubes. v Few gums or resins withstand more than a reduction of equal parts by volume and maintain a. viscosity of A .on this viscosimeter. A gallon of the miscible gum produced by the several processes weighs approximately eight pounds.

' 'Ihe improved gum of my invention when reduced to a liquid by the addition of any of the cutters referred to, produces aiilm with no appreciable shrinkage during drying or'curing.

It should be noted in this connection that the shrinkageof apaintfllmindryingdependsal- "moetentirely up the which m root paints is composed of vegetable oils.- Linseed, one of the most extensively used oiLgwhen Q 75 reducedtoapaintnhmshrinksinvoiumebometimes as much as twenty to thirty percent even though at .the same time it gains twenty to twenty-five percent in weight from oxygen with which it combines chemically. As the state of oxidation increases, the elongation of the linseed film decreases.

This rapid oxidation of the linseed him and its corresponding decrease in elongation reduce and iron, which is inevitable upon the change of temperature. The movement in the steel or iron thus causes cracks in the paint film through which atmosphere and moisture, the common causes of rust, are admitted into contact with the unprotected metal. All of the vegetable oils, China-wood oil, perilla oil, soya bean oil, and fish oil have similar characteristics to linseed.

Bychanging the characteristics of the oils used as to drying or curing during processing, as I have done, it is apparent that while the vegetable oils used in the process in their raw or boiled state have considerable shrinkage as explained, the oils produced by cutting the gum are preoxidized and drying is started by the evaporation of the cutter similar to the setting up of lacquer. After the evaporation of the cutter, surface oxidation sets in, but since the oils have been pre-oxidized they naturally will not absorb any great amount of oxygen.

The elimination of shrinkage by my invention thus is a. distinct improvement in a paint film,

particularly in a paint film used on steel and iron.

' It can also be used to advantage in baking- Japans and enamels since the: bond of the enamel to the steel or other surface'iis better as the shrinkage is decreased. F

Another important advantage of the gum of my invention is that when it is reduced with paint cutters, such as are referred to above, applied and given a reasonable period to cure, it is highly resistant to diluents such as mineral spirits, kerosene, gasoline, transformer oils, lubricating oils, cottonseed oil. and Pennsylvania crude oil.

'Ihe fact that the gum will readily reduce in the form of gum with paint cutters, and when reduced to a iilm and given suiilcient time to cure. will'not only not reduce, but will provide a protection against such reducers, is sumcient proof of surface oxidation and indicates that a chemical reduction takes place in curing.

The film, it is evident, may be used, therefore,

' for coating the inside of gasoline tanks and tanks and aluminum in such relative proportions might alsobeused. Thesteelorironpartstobecoated must be thoroughly cleaned from mill scale, rust, and other foreign matter. The aluminum paint should preferably then be applied to such parts its value for the protectionof steel and f For this-purpose, the gum should preferably be with a spray gun, although it could be applied by brushing or dipping.

Approximately twenty to thirty minutes should be allowed for the aluminum paint to air dry aftare at that time put into an oven at a temperature of around 250 Fahrenheit. The temperature of the oven should now be brought slowly to approximately 1100? Fahrenheit. The process described will calorize aluminum to steel, and after such calorization, the aluminum will withstand high temperatures; for example, it will stand 400 to 500 degrees more than galvanized sheet steel. This is very desirable in a coating of steel which will be subjected to high temperatures, such as boiler fronts, stove pipesconnecting a furnace to a chimney, and the like. v

The heavy bodied oil or gum produced by the first process may be used in an advantageous manner for-various purposes without subjecting,

the same to the second process. It may be used for producing valve action vehicles, preferably for coating steel. It may be used as an emulsion for coating porous surfaces such as rough'plaster,

5 porous concrete, insulating board, paper, and

other porous surfaces to build up a base for paint.

1 It may also be used for preventing efllorescence on brick.

The oil produced by the first process, when reduced with mineral spirits in a proportion of equal parts of gum and mineral spirits, as a galion of gum, weighing approximately eight pounds, with a gallon of mineral spirits, shows a valve action in regard to moisture so as to provide a better coating for the protection of steel and iron. As is well known, a large tonnage of steel rusts before fabricated and coated. Bridges, tanks, fire escapes, and other steel structures are subject to such deterioration.

On repaint jobs, this rust must be removed unless the paint vehicles are especially processed as described, to penetrate through the rust to the. unoxidized surface beneath and seal the unoxidized surface against atmosphere and moisture.

As rust contains approximately twenty-two percent of moisture by weight, to remove this moisture content and stop the rust at its present stage, it is essential that a valve action vehicle be used that will absorb the moisture content of rust and pass it through the film by evaporation.

Taking the heavy bodied oil which is produced by the first process of forty-eight hours, and cuttingit with equal parts of mineral spirits, produces a paint vehicle which has maximum penetrating qualities. 'When it is applied over rust it penetrates through the rust to the unoxidized surface beneath, sealing this surface against atmosphere and moisture, and combines with the moisture content in the rust and passes'throu'gh 0 the film by evaporation, stopping the rust action at its present stage. After the cutter evaporates,

surface oxidation sets in and this surface oxidation prevents moisture from entering from the outer surface.

5 To produce a good emulsion from the heavy bodied oil or gum of the first process, to be used erit is applied to the 'steel or iron parts, which\ The following proportions are given to indicate the relative proportions which should be used:

2 lbs. of gum /2 pt. of tap water 7 3 half-pts. of water containing a small amount of ammonia.

In order to agitate the mixture violently enough, the agitation should be produced by mechanical means. The proportions givenv above provide a good brushing consistency.

To produce a vehicle which will prevent efiorescence on brick, I preferably use one pint of the heavy bodied oil or gum of the first process with one and one-half pints of mineral spirits, naphtha, turpentine, or any good point cutter. For example, eight pounds of could be cut with one and one-half gallons of mineral spirits, mineral spirits being preferable since it is lower in cost than most solvents.

Particularly it should be noted that the gum produced by the joint processes described herein withstands unusual reduction. This can be attributed to a great extent to the processing with calcined magnesium oxide. It is to be noted that the gum of the first process will withstand a possible reduction of one gallon of gum to one gallon of mineral spirits, while the gum produced by the joint processes withstands a reduction of one gallon of gum totwo and one-half gallons of mineral spirits to produce the same viscosity.

Although I have described my invention in specific embodiments, I am aware that numerous and extensive departures involving equivalency, may be made from my improved gum compound as above described, and I therefore claim my inventionbroadly as defined in the accompanying claims.

I claim:

1. A process for the productionmf a miscible gum which comprises heating a quantity of China-wood oil with a greater quantity of menhaden oil at a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding a quantity of lead acetate.

and cobalt acetate at said temperature, and

' of lead acetate, cobalt acetate, and calcined magnesium oxide at such temperature, and processing the same to a. gum.

2. A process for the production of a miscible gum which comprises heating a. quantity of China-wood oil with a greater quantity of men= haden oil at a temperature of approximately. 400 Fahrenheit, adding a quantity of lead acetate, and cobalt acetate at said temperature, and aerating the mixture and processing the same for applaudmately forty-eight hours to produce a thickened oil mixture, adding a quantity of linseed oil and China-wood oil, to said mixture, heating the same at a temperature of apprommately 400 Fahrenheit, adding up to five percent by weight of lead acetate, cobalt acetate, and calcined magnesium oxide at such temperature, and further processing the same to a gum for approximately forty- .eight hours.

3. A process for the production of a miscible gum which comprises heating a quantity of China-wood oil with a greater quantity of menhaden oil at a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding a quantity of lead acetate, and cobalt acetate at said temperature, and aerating the mixture to produce I thickened oil mixture, and drawing oi! the fatty acids and glycerides arising from the bath, adding a quantity or linseed oil and China-wood oil, to said mixture,-heatingthe same at a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding up to five percent by weight of lead acetate, cobalt acetate, and calcined magnesium oxide at such temperature, and processing the same to a gum.

4. A process for the production oi a miscible gum which comprises heating a quantity oi as drying vegetable oil having the drying characteriatlb oi the class consisting of China-wood and perilia oils with a greater quantity of fish oil at a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit. adding a quantity of lead acetate, and cobalt acetate at said temperature, and aerating the mixture to produce a thickened oil mixture, adding a quantity of linseed oil and a drying vegetable oil having the drying characteristics of the class consisting of china-wood and perilla oils. to said heavy bodied oil, heating the same at a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding up to five percent by weight of lead acetate, cobalt acetate.

and calcined magnesium oxide at such temper'ature, and processing the same to a gum.

5. A process for the production of a miscible gum which comprises heatinga quantity of a drying vegetable oil having the drying characteristics of the class consisting oi China-wood and perilla oils with a greater quantity oi fish oil at a temperature or approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding a quantity 01 lead acetate, andvcobalt acetate at said temperature, and aerating the mixaoeaa n ture and process the same for approximately forty-eight hours to produce a thickened oil mixture. adding a quantity oi linseed oil and a drying vegetable oil having the drying characteristics of the class consisting of China-wood and perilla oils, to said mixture, heating the same at a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding up to five percent by weight of lead acetate, cobalt acetate, and calcined magnesium oxide at such temperature, and further processing the hours. I

6. A process for the production 01' a miscible gum which comprises heating a quantity of a drying vegetable oilhaving the drying characteristicsof the class consisting oi China-wood and perillaoils, with a greater quantity of fish oil at a temperature oi approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding a quantity oi lead acetate, and cobalt acetate at said temperature, and aerating the mixture to produce a thickened oil mixture, and drawing 08 the fatty acids and glycerides arising from the bath. adding a quantity of linseed oil and a drying vegetable oil having the drying characteristics of the class consisting of Chinawood and perilla oils, to said mixture, heating the same at 'a temperature of approximately 400 Fahrenheit, adding up to five percent by weight of lead acetate, cobalt acetate, and calcined magne-4 slum oxide at such temperature, and processing the same to a gum.

' EDWARD M. WILLIAMS.

.10 same to a gum for approximately forty-eight 

